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328 Study Questions: Kolln Chapter Seven:
"The Noun Phrase Functions--Nominals."
Vocabulary (see
pages 369-84 of Kolln):
anticipatory it, appositive, clause, dangling gerund, delayed
subject, dependent clause, direct quotation, expletive
that, gerund, independent clause, infinitive, interrogative,
nominal, nominal clause, nominal verb phrase, objective
case, subjective case, subordinator, tensed verb.
Questions:
- In the chapter preview, we are introduced
to the idea of the appositive. Is the oppositive an
optional or a required NP slot?
- What is a nominal phrase? What are
the six ways a nominal phrase can complete a grammatical
sentence?
- When diagramming an appositive, what
punctuation marks separate it from the noun it renames
or defines? (See example on the bottom of page 177).
- When do we need a comma to separate
an appositive from the noun it renames or defines?
When can we leave out such a comma?
- What is a gerund? What suffix or ending
does a gerund always have? How is a gerund different
from a participle?
- What funky diagramming structure marks
a gerund when it fits in the subject slot or object
slot?
- What diagramming structure marks a
gerund when it is the object of a preposition?
- What diagramming structure marks a
gerund when it is acting as an appositive?
- Explain the difference between the
two following sentences' use of the word smooching.
Diagram each one:
(1) His joy is smooching nymphs
in a forgotten glade.
(2) He is smooching
nymphs in a forgotten glade.
- Gerunds--just like participles--can
often lead to dangling
modifiers. What two ways does your textbook offer
to fix such a dangling modifier when your gerunds
run amok?
- The phrase, "Let's go..." in English
is idiomatic when it comes to verbs. What are the only
sort of verbs that can follow this phrase?
- Define an infinitive. Does an infinitive
function as a nominal, adverbial, or adjectival phrase?
- Can an infinitive take a complement?
How about an adverbial modifier?
- How does one diagram the subject of
an infinitive?
- Diagram the following sentence: For you to sing rap songs is an abomination of music.
- What is a nominal clause? What slots can they fill
in a sentence?
- What special diagramming structure indicates a nominal
clause on page 191?
- What is an expletive that?
- What is the difference between a nominal
clause beginning with that and an adjectival
clause beginning with that? How can the word
which be useful as a litmus test in distinguishing
the two types of clauses?
- How can an interrogative word be used
to create a nominal clause? Give an example. How is
this use different from the way we use interrogatives
in questions?
- What funky diagramming structure is
used to indicate a yes/no interrogative?
- Diagram the following sentences. Note
that they will be diagrammed in very different ways.
-
(1) I
will flee her Medusan stare if she is mad at
me.
(2) Can you tell if she is mad at me?
- In the sentences above, which one uses
"if" to introduce a subordinate clause? In the sentences
above, whichone uses "if" to introduce a nominal clause
as a yes/no interrogative?
- Normally, no punctuation appears between
a verb and a direct object when the direct object is
an entire nominal clause. What is the one common exception
to this rule listed on page 196?
- What is an anticipatory it?
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