400 |
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The Chinese invent
edge-runner mills with water-powered drives and
ships
with watertight sub-compartments at about this time.
|
401 |
Pope Innocent I establishes
the Petrine
Doctrine. He claims universal jurisdiction
over the Roman Church. He serves as pope until 417. |
| 406 |
Vandals and other barbarians overrun
the Roman province of Gaul. |
407 |
The Avars found
the first Mongol Empire. It lasts until 553.
Orders begin to recall Roman
troops from outlying provinces like Britain to protect
Italy from barbarians. |
409 |
Last official legion
leaves Rome? |
| 410 |
Alaric the Goth leads his Germanic
forces to sack Rome itself.
|
| c. 410-417 |
First recorded use of commemorative metal crucifix
over a church attributed to Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem,
between the basilica and rotunda. According to legend,
Roman Emperor Theodosius II encased it in gold and precious
metals, and then crucifixes began to appear in and on
churches in increasing numbers. |
| 425 |
Scattered raids by Angles,
Saxons, and Jutes on Britain.
Valentinian III declared "Roman
Emperor" in the West--though much of the old Empire
is in ruins--with communication breaking down and widespread
depopulation. |
429 |
Vandal kingdom forms
in northern Africa. It lasts until 535. The Arian heresy
dominate this region. |
432 |
Saint Patrick begins
mission to Ireland. |
433 |
Attila rules the
Huns. He dies in 453. |
439 |
Vandal forces under
King Gaiseric capture Roman Carthage. |
440 |
Pope Leo the Great
elected Pope. He serves until 461. |
| 449 |
Traditional date the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes invade
the part of Britain that will become England, introducing
Old English as a language to the Celtic-speaking island.
The Jutes under Hengest and Horsa conquer Kent (southeastern
section of modern England). |
| 450 |
Folklore attributes Saint Patrick
with the invention of whiskey--though Romans probably
brewed "aqua vitae" as early as 50 BCE. |
451 |
Attila the Hun invades
Gaul. Franks, Romans, and Alemanni repulse him at the
battle of Châlons. |
452 |
Attila the Hun invades
northern Italy |
455 |
Gaiseric and the Vandals
sack Rome . |
465 |
The so-called "White
Huns" dominate northern India. |
471 |
Theodoric the Great,
King of the Ostrogoths. He rules until 526. |
475 |
Romulus Augustus declared
Roman Emperor. He will be the last one. |
476 |
Odovacar the Goth
and his forces depose Romulus Augustus. Traditional end
of the Western Roman Empire. |
477 |
Huneric, Vandal
King of North Africa, rules until 484.
Budhagupta, the last major Gupta
Emperor in northern India, ascends to the throne. He
rules until 495. |
| 478 |
|
479 |
|
481 |
Clovis becomes King of the Franks.
He rules until 511. |
484 |
Gunthamund, Vandal
king of North Africa, rules until 523. |
493 |
Theodoric the Great becomes king
of all Italy. His rule reinforces the dominance of the
Arian heresy in place of Orthodox Catholicism. |
495 |
Death of Budhagupta in northern
India. |
496 |
Thrasamund, Vandal
King of North Africa, rules to 523.
King Clovis converts to Christianity. |
| 500 |
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