Cell Biol Chpater 8 outline
Mitochondria and energy production
I. Anaerobic energy production
A) glycolysis (Embden-Meyerhoff pathway)
1) oxygen requirements
a) obligate aerobes
b) obligate anaerobes
c) facultative anaerobes
B) fermentation
1) alcoholic fermentation
2) lactic acid fermentation
C) regulation of glycolysis
1) phosphofructokinase
II. Respiration
A) mitochondria - structure and function
B) citric acid cycle
C) redox reactions
1) reduction and oxidation
2) Eo' = standard reduction potential
DGš' = -nFDEo'
D) electron transport chain
1) components
2) simplified “chain”
E) chemiosmotic mechanism
F) ATP yield
ATP equivalent glycolysis 2ATP 2 2NADH 6 pyruvate oxidation 2NADH 6 2 turns of TCA cycle 2ATP 2 6NADH 18 2FADH2 4 38 ATP G) transport across inner mitochondrial membrane
1) ATP - ADP exchange
2) phosphate carriers
3) uptake of “electrons”
a) G3P - DHAP shuttle
b) malate - aspartate shuttle
H) regulation
1) regulation of citric acid cycle
III. Peroxisomes
A. Functions
1) inactivation of toxins
2) regulation of oxygen concentration
3) lipid metabolism
4) gluconeogenesis